What does the term "tatin" in tarte tatin traditionally refer to?

The term "tatin" in tarte tatin specifically refers to the sisters, Stéphanie and Caroline Tatin, who are credited with inventing this upside-down caramelized apple tart in the late 19th century. Their creation was reportedly an accident, as one of the sisters intended to make a traditional apple pie but mistakenly placed the apples in the pan first, covering them with pastry only after they were caramelized. The result was a deliciously rich and flavorful dessert that gained popularity and became a classic in French cuisine. Understanding this origin adds a cultural and historical significance to the dish, highlighting the influence of these sisters on pastry-making practices.

The other options, while related to aspects of culinary techniques or methods, do not accurately capture the essence of what "tatin" specifically signifies in this context.