What is a consequence of using not enough sugar in a cookie recipe?

Using insufficient sugar in a cookie recipe can significantly affect the browning process due to the Maillard reaction and caramelization. Sugar contributes to the color, flavor, and texture of baked goods. When there is too little sugar, cookies often do not achieve the desired golden-brown color. This browning is essential not just for aesthetics but also for developing complex flavors. Sugar also helps retain moisture, so a lack of it can affect the overall structure of the cookie, leading to less browning and a potentially less appealing taste. Therefore, when a recipe lacks adequate sugar, it directly impacts the cookies' ability to brown properly, resulting in a paler appearance and potentially altering the flavor balance.